While new and emerging technologies are helping to solve some of the most serious challenges we face in sustaining the world’s fisheries, they are mostly being applied in developed, industrialized nations. However, small scale fisheries (SSFs) account for over half of the world’s wild caught seafood, involve 90% of the world’s fishermen and women, and are the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people. New technologies have a critical role to play in safeguarding these livelihoods through improving science and management, building the capacity of management and enforcement institutions, legitimizing small scale fishers and their communities, building resilience to climate change, improving access to markets, improving fishermen safety and many other areas.